Preparation and evaluation of pirfenidone loaded chitosan nanoparticles pulmonary delivery for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Abstract Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fatal disorder caused by abnormal extracellular matrix deposition, which results in increasing dyspnea loss of function. Pirfenidone (PFD) has antifibrotic properties that have been approved the US FDA for treatment IPF. currently delivered orally, drawbacks like reduced bioavailability presence food, gastrointestinal (dyspepsia anorexia), dermatological (photosensitivity) side-effects, large amount dose, elimination half-life 2.4 h. This study aimed was to prepare inhalable powders containing PFD-loaded chitosan nanoparticles sustained delivery drug lung. Result The quasi-solvent diffusion method used with optimized 100 mg PFD (CS). An in-vitro release research found rate from nanoparticles. Entrapment into decreased increased concentration stabilizer concentration. All batches produced spherical morphology confirmed SEM sizes ranging 239.3 ± 1.8 928.7 4.6 nm. exhibited mean particle size 467.33 7.8 nm polydispersity index 0.127 0.022, zeta potential + 34.8 1.6 mV, % entrapment efficiency (39.45 4.63%), after 12 h (94.78 2.88%), deposition (81.49%). Results showed obtained had different aerosolization properties. reduced, process yield, extra-fine fraction, geometric standard diameter, fine fraction significantly. Stability showed, there are no aggregation observed stable six month study. Conclusion Prepared pirfenidone-loaded can be result 6 months stability studies give details significant CS NPs shape smooth surface as per studies. Hence, suitable alternative available therapy. Graphical abstract